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Health of the Region 2020

References

  1. PHE (2020) COVID-19: review of disparities in risks and outcomes 

  2. PHE (2010) COVID-19: understanding the impact on BAME communities 

  3. Marmot M, Allen J, Boyce T, et al (2020) Health Equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 years on Institute of Health Equity

  4. Department for Work and Pensions Households below average income: 1994/95 to 2017/18 DWP; 2019

  5. RCP (2020) COVID-19 and mitigating impact on health inequalities 

  6. West Midlands Regional Health Impact of COVID-19 Task and Finish Group: Interim Report and Call for Evidence, August 2020

  7. https://www wmca org uk/what-we-do/public-service-reform/regional-health-impact-of-covid-19-call-for-evidence/

  8. WMCA State of the Region 2020

  9. Okolosie et al (2015)

  10. https://history blog gov uk/2019/03/07/50-years-of-collecting-ethnicity-data/

  11. https://www ons gov uk/census/2011census/consultationsusersandlocalpartners/2011censusclosedconsultations/ ethnicgroupnationalidentityreligionandlanguageconsultation

  12. Bentley (2020) 

  13. Mahmood (2020)

  14. https://blackbritishacademics co uk/about/racial-categorisation-and-terminology/

  15. https://jech bmj com/content/early/2020/11/03/jech-2020-215504?rss=1&s=08

  16. Ali (2020)

  17. ONS (2020) Sexual orientation, UK: 2018

  18. Aspinall PJ (2009) Estimating the size and composition of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual population in Britain Equality & Human Rights Commission, Research Report 37

  19. Government Equalities Office (2018) Trans people in the UK

  20. Figures based on data from 2011 Census

  21. Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England post-2010 (2010) Fair society, healthier lives: The Marmot review 

  22. ONS (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by disability status, England and Wales: 2 March to 14 July 2020 

  23. https://coronavirus data gov uk/deaths

  24. ONS (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by ethnic group, England and Wales: 2 March 2020 to 10 April 2020

  25. PHE (2010) COVID-19: understanding the impact on BAME communities

  26. HMGovernment(Oct2020) QuarterlyreportonprogresstoaddressCOVID-19healthinequalities RaceDisparityUnit,CabinetOffice 

  27. The disproportionate impact of Covid-19 on Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities A review by Baroness Doreen Lawrence (2020)

  28. COVID-19 BAME Evidence Gathering Taskforce (2020) West Midlands Inquiry into COVID-19 Fatalities in the BAME Community, August 2020 

  29. West Midlands Regional Health Impact of COVID-19 Task and Finish Group: Interim Report and Call for Evidence, August 2020

  30. Sapey E, Gallier S, Mainey C, et al Ethnicity and risk of death in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 infection in the UK: an observational cohort study in an urban catchmentarea BMJOpenRespirRes 2020;7(1):e000644

  31. Paper by the ethnicity sub-group of SAGE Drivers of the higher COVID-19 incidence, morbidity and mortality among minority ethnic groups, 23 September 2020 

  32. PHE Wider impacts of COVID-19 on health monitoring tool

  33. Kooth data release, 15 May 2020 Week 10: How Covid-19 is Affecting The Mental Health of Children and Young People

  34. Quell data release, 15 May 2020 How has COVID-19 Affected The Mental Health of Adults in the United Kingdom?

  35. The Five Year Forward View for Mental Health: A report from the independent Mental Health Taskforce to the NHS in England, February 2016

  36. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2019) Advancing Mental Health Equality 

  37. PHE Guidance (2016) Health matters: getting every adult active every day 

  38. Source: Sport England Active Lives data 2020 

  39. PHE Wider Health Impacts of COVID-19 on Health (WICH) monitoring tool

  40. Maringe C, Spicer J, Morris M, et al (2020) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based, modelling study The Lancet, 21(8), 1023-34

  41. Cancer Research UK (2020) 

  42. ONS (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by ethnic group, England and Wales: 2 March 2020 to 10 April 2020 

  43. Marmot M, Allen J, Boyce T, et al (2020) Health Equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 years on Institute of Health Equity
  44. Analysis published in Bambra, Munford, Brown et al (2018) Health for Wealth: Building a Healthier Northern Powerhouse for UK Productivity, Northern Health Sciences Alliance, Newcastle
  45. WMCA State of the Region 2020
  46. Banks J, Karjalainen H, Propper C (2020) IFS Briefing Note BN281 - Recessions and health: The long-term health consequences of responses to coronavirus InstituteforFiscalStudies/Economic&SocialResearchCouncil 
  47. Giani P, Castruccio S, Anav A, et al (2020) Short-term and long-term health impacts of air pollution reductions from COVID-19 lockdowns in China and Europe: a modelling study Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e474–82 
  48. WMCA State of the Region 2020
  49. Faculty of Public Health (2010) Great Outdoors: How our Natural Health Service Uses Green Space to Improve Wellbeing
  50. Fields in Trust (2018) Revaluing Parks and Green Spaces: Measuring their economic and wellbeing value to individuals 
  51. Fields in Trust (2020) Latest analysis of Great Britain’s publicly accessible park and green space provision 
  52. HE Wider Health Impacts of COVID-19 on Health (WICH) monitoring tool:
  53. Fields in Trust (2020) Latest analysis of Great Britain’s publicly accessible park and green space provision
  54. TfWM Movement for Growth: Health and Transport Strategy 
  55. PHE (2010) COVID-19: understanding the impact on BAME communities
  56. https://www wmca org uk/what-we-do/public-service-reform/regional-health-impact-of-covid-19-call-for-evidence/
  57. Racism, the public health crisis we can no longer ignore
  58. Local Government Association webinar Using Marmot principles to tackle health inequalities and COVID-19, 23 June 2020 
  59. Mind (2020) The mental health emergency: how has the coronavirus pandemic impacted our mental health?
  60. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2019) Advancing Mental Health Equality
  61. PHE (2010) COVID-19: understanding the impact on BAME communities
  62. COVID-19 BAME Evidence Gathering Taskforce (2020) West Midlands Inquiry into COVID-19 Fatalities in the BAME Community, August 2020 
  63. BRAP (2020) COVID and ethnicity: A community guide and manifesto Available from 
  64. BRAP Race fluency, 15 Jun 2020
  65. PHE West Midlands Spotlight on Vulnerable Children and Young People - Before COVID-19 and Recovery, July 2020
  66. O’Higgins A, Sebba J, Luke N (2015) What is the relationship between being in care and the educational outcomes of children? An international systematic review REES Centre, University of Oxford
  67. HM Government (2012) Preventing suicide in England: A cross-government outcomes strategy to save lives 
  68. Parliamentary Office of Science & Technology Postnote 582, Jul 2028 Unpaid care
  69. King’s Fund (2019) Tackling poor health outcomes: The role of trauma-informed care 
  70. ONS (2020) Coronavirus and the social impacts on disabled people in Great Britain: September 2020
  71. Doctors of the World UK (2020) An Unsafe Distance: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on excluded people in England 
  72. WM Strategic Migration Partnership Migration Statistics Briefing Paper, 27 Feb 2020
  73. Home Office preparedness for COVID-19 (Coronavirus): institutional accommodation 28 July 2020
  74. Homeless Link (2020) Supporting people with no recourse to public funds (NRPF) 
  75. Dickson E, Jolly A, Morgan B, et al (2020) Local Authority Responses to people with NRPF during the pandemic ICRD, University of Wolverhampton
  76. PHE Guidance: Health matters – Rough Sleeping (updated 11 Feb 2020)
  77. Aldridge RW, Menezes D, Lewer D et al Causes of death among homeless people: a population-based cross-sectional study of linked hospitalisation and mortality datainEngland [version1;peerreview:2approved] WellcomeOpenRes2019,4:49
  78. PHE Guidance: Health matters – Rough Sleeping (updated 11 Feb 2020) 
  79. https://www thelancet com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30396-9/fulltext
  80. WMCA (2020) Covid -19: Homelessness and positioning us for a better future
  81. NDTMS It is important to note that reporting on treatment activity during COVID-19 is provided to enable PHE and local areas to monitor monthly substance misuse treatment activity at a more granular level during the COVID-19 pandemic, and uses different methodologies to routine reports Given its temporary status it should not be used to monitor performance or set targets over a longer term period
  82. PODS (Parents Opening Doors) COVID Family Experiences Report: September 2020 Evidence submitted to RHIC Call for Evidence, Sept 2020
  83. Parliament UK (2019) Tackling inequalities faced by Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities
  84. Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government (Jun 2020) Traveller caravan count: January 2020
  85. Parliament UK (2019) Tackling inequalities faced by Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities 
  86. Greenfields M, Brindley M (2016) Impact of insecure accommodation and the living environment on Gypsies’ and Travellers’ health A report by the Traveller Movement
  87. Friends, Families & Travellers (Mar 2020) COVID-19: Guidance for supporting people living on Traveller sites, unauthorised encampments and canal boats
  88. The Fawcett Society (2020) Gendered impact of the UK’s Government’s lifting of lockdown Available from
  89. Key findings of research by West Midlands Women’s Voice & The Fawcett Society, July 2020
  90. PHE Guidance: Health matters: physical activity - prevention and management of long-term conditions, 23 January 2020
  91. Ibbotson S, PHE Midlands & East of England Public Health Matters: Preventing the Disease of Violence (Jul 2015) 
  92. The Guardian (12 Apr 2020) Revealed: surge in domestic violence during Covid-19 crisis
  93. Karen Ingala Smith (2020) Counting Dead Women
  94. House of Commons Home Affairs Committee (April 2020) Home Office preparedness for Covid-19 (Coronavirus) domestic abuse and risks of harm within the home 
  95. Home Office (Apr 2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19): support for victims of modern slavery 
  96. Data from WMCA Equality Impact Assessment of the Coronavirus pandemic – focus on PSR
  97. Watts G (2020) COVID-19 and the digital divide in the UK
  98. Data from WMCA Equality Impact Assessment of the Coronavirus pandemic – focus on PSR
  99. PHE (2020) Community-centred public health: Taking a whole system approach
  100. Munro A (2020) Coventry – A Marmot City: An evaluation of a city-wide approach to reducing health inequalities 
  101. The King’s Fund (2013) Health and Wellbeing boards: One Year On Available from: 
  102. Munro A (2020) Coventry – A Marmot City: An evaluation of a city-wide approach to reducing health inequalities 
  103. Naik Y, Abbs I, Elwell-Sutton T (2020) Using economic development to improve health and reduce health inequalities Health Foundation 
  104. WMCA (2020) #WM2041: Actions to meet the climate crisis with inclusivity, prosperity and fairness 
  105. PHE (2019) Health inequalities: place-based approaches to reduce inequalities Available from:
  106. Health Foundation The NHS as an anchor institution Available from: 
  107. Legacy West Midlands (2020) Show me the money... health inequalities
  108. https://wardendallotments org/news-features/features/diverse-garden-project/
  109. http://redeemerbirmingham org uk/
  110. https://www stgermains org uk/food
  111. https://www dannykruger org uk/sites/www dannykruger org uk/files/2020-09/Kruger%202 0%20Levelling%20Up%20Our%20Communities pdf
  112. Thematic analysis based on qualitative submissions from Aston University, Citizen’s UK Birmingham, Coventry Rape & Sexual Abuse Centre, Legacy WM, Nishkam Civic Association, Transport for West Midlands, West Bromwich African Caribbean Resource Centre - Impact on African Caribbean community
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